System and Method for Providing a Suspended Personal Radiation Protection System

ABSTRACT

A system for providing radiation protection is provided that includes a garment that contours to an operator&#39;s body. The garment protects the operator from radiation. The garment is supported by a suspension component that reduces a portion of weight of the garment for the operator, the garment including a belt, which includes a release mechanism that offers an entry into the garment. In more specific embodiments, the release mechanism is a quick release that allows the operator to disengage from the garment using a single hand movement. The belt can include at least one flexible joint. The belt opens to allow the operator to enter the garment, and the operator, in entering and exiting the garment, is able to limit his contact to components on or near a front of the garment such that the operator can operate the release mechanism for the garment without losing sterility.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.12/099,077 entitled “System And Method For Providing A SuspendedPersonal Radiation Protection System” filed on Apr. 7, 2008, whichclaims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/022,174entitled “Suspended Radiation Protection for Protection of Worker” filedon Jan. 18, 2008, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein byreference.

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates in general to radiation protection and, moreparticularly, to a suspended personal radiation protection system.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Radiation is used to perform many medical diagnostic and therapeutictests and procedures. Medical, veterinary, or research personnel may beinvolved in the performance of these procedures. These professionals arebeing exposed to scattered radiation as they perform their work. Thelong-term effects of this exposure are poorly understood at the presenttime, but are considered serious enough to warrant mandatory protectionfor operators, who are required to wear garments or barriers thatcontain materials, which absorb a significant proportion of theradiation. In order to properly treat patients, operators requirefreedom of motion. Providing a personal radiation protection garmentthat properly protects operators, while allowing operators to movefreely and comfortably, presents a significant challenge for medicaloperators in radiation environments.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with the present invention, a method, a system, and anapparatus for implementing a suspended personal radiation protectionsolution are provided that substantially eliminate or reduce thedisadvantages and problems associated with previous approaches.

In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, a system foroffering radiation protection includes a garment that contours to anoperator's body. The garment protects the operator from radiation. Thegarment is supported by a suspension component that reduces a portion ofweight of the garment for the operator, the garment including a belt,which includes a release mechanism that offers an entry into thegarment.

In more specific embodiments, the release mechanism is a quick releasethat allows the operator to disengage from the garment using a singlehand movement. The belt can include at least one flexible joint. Thebelt opens to allow the operator to enter the garment, and the operator,in entering and exiting the garment, is able to limit his contact tocomponents on or near a front of the garment such that the operator canoperate the release mechanism for the garment without losing sterility.

In still other embodiments, the release mechanism includes a springmechanism that exerts a force on the belt. The garment allows theoperator, who is wearing the garment, to move freely in X, Y, and Zspatial planes, and the garment can be substantially weightless to theoperator. Further, the garment may include a sleeve on at least one sideof the garment.

The garment can include a rapid, easy closure of the belt around theoperator, potentially accomplished by manually squeezing the belt itselfwith the operator's arms and, thereby, closing it at its hinges andmobile joints. Alternatively, closure may occur when a cable arrangementor mechanical linkage is activated which draws the hinges closed. Theeasy opening of the belt enables an ideal exit for the operator:allowing the operator to only touch components on (or near) the front ofthe device in order to preserve sterility (i.e., the sterile conditionof the environment). Typically, operator contact towards the rear of thedevice would result in a loss of sterility of the hands. The simplemechanisms of the garment require minimal gross hand and fingermovements so that these operations can be accomplished through thesterile cover without unnecessary fumbling.

Such a device offers automation for the opening of the belt such thatthe operator need only activate a given quick release to exit thegarment. The other motions may be automated and triggered by thisinitial activation. This feature could be accomplished by a springmechanism (wire or gas springs) or similar tensioning mechanism thatexerts a force on the belt, which results in opening.

The suspended personal radiation protection device includes a suspensioncomponent. The suspension component empowers the operator to move freelyin the X, Y, and Z spatial planes simultaneously, while the protectiveradiation garment is substantially weightless to the operator. Thesuspension component is further operable to support a partial weight ofthe operator such that the operator can move around in substantiallyzero gravity, or (at a minimum) the operator bears just a portion of histotal weight. The radiation protection device further includes anoptional face shield, which is transparent to visible light: allowingunhindered vision while protecting an operator from radiation. Otherunique components of the garment are detailed below.

Important technical advantages of certain embodiments of the presentinvention include optimally supporting the weight of a radiationprotection garment worn by operators. Ironically, the suspensioncomponent allows radiation protection garments to be heavier and morecomprehensive. As a result, radiation protection garments can protectlarger areas of operator's body and be constructed thicker to increaseX-ray attenuation. Increased radiation protection reduces an operator'srisk of cancers, cataracts, skin damage, etc.

Other important technical advantages of certain embodiments of thepresent invention include reducing the risk and incidence ofmusculoskeletal injuries from wearing heavy radiation protectiongarments. Operators using the present invention have normal freedom ofmotion, as if the operator is not wearing heavy material. Furthermore,the suspension device supports a majority of the operator's weight suchthat operators can work for longer periods without fatigue.

Other technical advantages of the present invention will be readilyapparent to one skilled in the art from the following figures,descriptions, and claims. Moreover, while specific advantages have beenenumerated above, various embodiments may include all, some, or none ofthe enumerated advantages.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

To provide a more complete understanding of the present invention andfeatures and advantages thereof, reference is made to the followingdescription, taken in conjunction with the accompanying figures, wherelike reference numerals represent like parts, in which:

FIG. 1 is a simplified block diagram that illustrates a suspendedpersonal radiation protection system in accordance with a particularembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a simplified block diagram that illustrates a side view of apersonal radiation protective garment in accordance with a particularembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a simplified block diagram that illustrates another side viewof the personal radiation protective garment in accordance with aparticular embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a simplified block diagram that illustrates a front view ofthe personal radiation protective garment in accordance with aparticular embodiment of the present invention;

FIGS. 5A-5L are simplified block diagrams that illustrate examplesupport options that can be integrated with the personal radiationprotective garment in accordance with particular embodiments of thepresent invention;

FIGS. 6A-6C are simplified block diagrams that illustrate example beltcomponents of the personal radiation protective garment in accordancewith embodiments of the present invention; Same as above FIG. 5.

FIGS. 7A-7I are simplified block diagrams that illustrate examplerelease components of the personal radiation protective garment inaccordance with embodiments of the present invention;

FIGS. 8A-8C are simplified block diagrams that illustrate example framecomponents of the personal radiation protective garment in accordancewith embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a simplified block diagram that illustrates an example garmentframe in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIGS. 10A-10E are simplified block diagrams that illustrate additionalexamples of locking components of the personal radiation protectivegarment in accordance with embodiments of the present invention; and

FIGS. 11A-11C are simplified block diagrams that illustrate example griplock components of the personal radiation protective garment inaccordance with embodiments of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

For purposes of teaching and discussion, it is useful to provide someoverview as to the way in which the following invention operates. Thefollowing foundational information may be viewed as a basis from whichthe present invention may be properly explained. Such information isoffered earnestly for purposes of explanation only and, accordingly,should not be construed in any way to limit the broad scope of thepresent invention and its potential applications.

Radiation is used to perform many medical diagnostic and therapeutictests and procedures. The human patient or animal is subjected toradiation using minimal doses to enable completion of the medical task.Exposures to radiation are monitored to prevent or reduce risks ofsignificant damage. Medical, veterinary, or research personnel may beinvolved in the performance of such procedures in great numbers.

Over many years, these professionals are being exposed to scatteredradiation as they perform their work. Although their daily exposure isgenerally less than that for the patient, there are adverse cumulativeeffects to the operators. These long-term effects are poorly understoodbut are considered serious enough to warrant mandatory protection toworkers in the form of garments or barriers that absorb a significantproportion of the radiation. There is a wide variety of such barrierscommercially available, but these solutions have significant limitationsfor the operators who must come in close contact with the subject. Theseoperators may be physicians and their assistants, or technically skilledmedical personnel, who perform simple or complex medical proceduresusing their bodies and hands in proximity of the patient. In many cases,scatter radiation from the subject or physical elements in the directradiation beam will pose significant health risks and unacceptably highexposure.

Risks of radiation exposure at the levels of medical personnel includecancers, cataracts, skin damage, etc. A review of current protectivesystems outlines their limitations. Radiation-absorbing walls are usefulto contain the radiation to a room, but do not prevent exposures withintheir confines. Barriers within the room [such as floor or ceilingsupported shields] are effective at blocking radiation for personnel whoare not in close contact with the radiation field [such as some nursesand technologists] but must be positioned or repositioned frequentlywhen personnel move around the room. They also provide cumbersomeinterference for operators performing the actual medical procedure. Theymay also be difficult to keep sterile when attempting to use them withinthe sterile field.

The most commonly used protection for operators involves the use ofgarments containing radiation-absorbing materials, generally lead orother metals, which are worn in the fashion of a coat, smock, skirt,vest, etc. and do not contaminate the sterile field because they areworn underneath the sterile covering gown. These garments are heavy anduncomfortable, and their long-term usage is known to be associated withdiseases of the spine [in the neck and back], knee disorders, and othermusculoskeletal problems, which can result in disability, medicalexpenses, and decreased quality of life for the operator.

The trade-off between protection and garment weight results in thefrequent use of garments that do not cover the legs, head, torso, andeyes optimally, and may provide sub-optimal radiation protection due tothe thickness of the metallic material being limited by the tolerabilityof the operator. To protect other radiation-sensitive tissues [such asthe corneas of the eye and the thyroid], special heavy glassescontaining metallic compounds and a collar around the neck are oftenworn. Even when the operator is encumbered with these items, the base ofthe skull [which may contain sensitive bone marrow] and the face arestill unprotected. Personal face and neck shields address this problem,and are commercially available, but are rarely worn due to theircumbersome nature and heavy weight.

Such problems have been present for many years and there are currentsolutions that attempt to address them. Modifications to floor-supportedmobile shields appear to attempt to provide improved dexterity for theoperator relative to the standard bulky mobile barrier, and a floorsupport system with a modified garment design also attempts the same.However, they are still obstacles to free movement of the operator.Another system of barriers (such as those referred to asradio-protective cabins) around the patient has been proposed, but thatappears cumbersome, confining, and inhibitory to operator movement bothgross and fine, patient/subject contact, and sterile field operation.

Ceiling mounted barriers around the patient also appear to limit contactbetween patient and operator, and may make control of a sterile fielddifficult. One configuration includes a ceiling mounted device, whichsupports the weight of a lead garment, involving a dolly movable in onelinear axis, with or without an extension arm that rotates around acentral point on the dolly. Such mechanical configurations are in placefor other types of suspended barriers and their motion mechanics may notbe well suited for use with something attached to the operator's bodysince the operator must frequently move rapidly and freely in all threespatial axes. Typically, the operator will walk in unpredictable andrapid patterns over an operating area. One configuration includes thegarment being suspended by a simple expansion spring, which will provideuneven forces depending on its degree of expansion occurring withoperator motion [due to the nature of its simple spring mechanics]. Itmay also result in harmonic motions that affect operator dexterity. Inaddition, failure of the spring due to cycle stresses could lead tooperator injury. In addition, location of the spring in a verticaldirection above the operator could result in limitations due to ceilingheight. Integration of the system with the heavy image intensifiermonitor screen could further encumber the operator from normal motion.

A discussion of the types of motion performed by operators during theirwork is relevant. Operators generally stand next to an operating tablewhere the patient is positioned. They often reach over the patient tovarious parts of the body, and they may lean forward while reaching foritems, surfaces, etc. This puts stress on the spine when heavy garmentsare worn. They may bend or stoop, but rarely is this possible becausethe workspace containing the patient limits vertical motion. Inaddition, most procedures involve a sterile field where the operator'shands, arms, and torso [from neck to waist] must remain confined, soexcessive vertical motion is prohibited. The operator may moveconsiderably in the X and Y plane, which is horizontal and parallel tothe floor, by walking or turning their body. The operator requiresfreedom of motion in these directions.

Overhead cranes have been available for many years and are commonlyemployed in the materials-handling industry. The following is adescription of a bridge crane. A bridge crane includes at least onebridge, and a trolley moving on the bridge, end trucks arranged at theends of the main bridge to support the main bridge, wheels arranged tothe end carriages intended to move along substantially parallel railssubstantially parallel to the end trucks. Smaller cranes [such as thoseto be used to support a load up to 250 pounds] are often operated byworkers without the aid of motorized assistance because the crane'smovable parts are light enough to be manipulated by hand. Differentsystems are employed to suspend the load from the cranes, includinghoists, balancers, and intelligent assist devices.

Tool balancers are also currently available and help to suspend tools inthe workspace in a manner that provides ergonomic benefits for workersusing them. The tool balancer is generally attached over the workspace,and reels out cable from which the tool is suspended. Adjustments may bemade to provide a “zero gravity” balancing of the tool at the desiredheight such that the worker may move the tool up or down within aworking range without having to bear a significant portion of the tool'sweight. Adjustments may cause the tool balancer to exert a strongerupward force such that the operator must apply a downward force on thetool to pull it down to the workspace and the balancer will cause thetool to rise when the operator releases it.

Tool balancers may be of the spring or pneumatic variety, referring tothe mechanism, which provides the force for its operation. A spring toolbalancer, such as in the preferred embodiment of this invention,generally contains a coiled flat spring [similar to a clock spring],which is attached to a reel with a conical shape and which serves as theplatform for the winding of the cable. The conical shape provides avariable mechanical advantage, which offsets the variance of the forceprovided by the spring as it winds or unwinds. The result is arelatively constant force on the cable within a definable working range.Safety concerns mainly involve falling objects, strength of thesuspension device, strength of the cable, and operator falls. Thebalancer can be attached to the trolley by its own hook and a safetychain. The suspension device is commercially available at specifiedmaximum loads, which include a wide safety margin. The mounting of thesuspension device will be done according to architectural standards.

Detachment of the garment from the suspension system will requirecertain care. A cable stop will prevent the hanger from going higherthan the set level. Some balancers are equipped with a locking mechanismthat prevents motion of the cable during load change or removal. Thispermits simple removal or exchange while standing at ground level.Alternatively, without activating a locking mechanism, The worker couldstand on a step stool and lift the load upwards until it contacts thebalancer stop, and then remove the garment without concern for suddenupwards, uncontrolled motion of the balancer cable and hanger.Alternatively, a weight, which is approximately equivalent to the weightof the garment, could be attached to the hanger prior to disengaging thegarment. This will drop the garment and require it to be supported bythe worker, who may then disengage it from the hanger. The weight willprevent any upward motion of the hanger in an uncontrolled manner. Thenext time the garment is attached, the weight could be removed aftersecure attachment of the garment is confirmed.

For most operations, the garment need not be detached from the cable. Itcould be left suspended and moved out of the way of other activities.Another alternative method would involve setting the force on thebalancer to be slightly greater than the weight of the garment. Onceremoved from the body, the garment would then slowly and safely rise upuntil stopped by the cable stop. Upon next use, it could easily bepulled back down into position. Annual inspections of the system may beperformed for cable frays, hook lock malfunctions, and rail componentflaws.

In the event of an operator fall, it is unlikely that the system willcontribute to operator harm since the balancer cable is long enough toallow the operator to reach the floor. Any harm to the operator shouldbe the same as if not attached to the cable, except perhaps for somebeneficial effect of the upward force of the suspension system.

In the event of spring breakage, most balancers are equipped withautomatic cable locking mechanisms to prevent dropping of the load. Inthe event of cable or fastener breakage, the frame of the garment/hangermay be designed such that there are pads over the shoulders of theoperator which would gently engage the operator's shoulders to supportthe weight of the device, which is approximately equivalent to amoderately heavy backpack. This latter malfunction should be avoidablewith adequate cable and fastener strength and annual inspections.

In the event that rapid detachment of the operator from the system isnecessary due to emergency, this can be achieved by a simple removal ofthe garment from the body without detachment from the system. Thegarment can be left hanging, and the suspended garment can be moved tothe end of the runway, clear of the moving patient or stretcher.

Turning back now to the general problem of radiation, it is evident thatpeople are often exposed to radiation in the course of their work. Theproposed concept, outlined herein, describes a device and techniqueintended to address many of the aforementioned problems. It providesextensive shielding for the operator: covering a large part of the body.The shielding capacity can be increased with thicker, heavy metallayering, thus reducing a dose to the operator because the device isweightless [or nearly so] to the operator. The device is close to thebody of the operator, much like a conventional apron, however it is notsupported by the operator. It moves with the operator as he/she movesaround within the working field and sterile field, and allows movementof arms and body parts to accomplish the procedure at hand.

The overall effects of the device are: improved comfort for the operatorwho is no longer supporting heavy-shielding clothing, improved radiationprotection to an operator through a much greater portion of bodyshielding [compared to a conventional apron], as well as more effectiveshielding of much of the covered parts due to greater use of theshielding material. This approach also offers a musculoskeletal benefitdue to the absence of a significant weight burden on the operator.

FIG. 1 is a simplified block diagram of a suspended personal radiationprotection system 10. System 10 includes an operator, a patient, aradiation source 16, radiation rays, a suspension component (detailed insubsequent FIGURES), and a release 20 for the personal radiationprotection garment. The garment includes a face shield 12, an outerapron 14, and a sleeve element 18. Each of these components is outlinedin greater detail below with respective FIGURES that further highlightsome of their potential intricacies and capabilities.

In general, the garment and shield 12 are suspended from a hanger, whichis supported by a given suspension component. [Other example suspensioncomponents are outlined below with reference to FIGS. 5A-5L.] FIGS. 2-4further illustrate this garment architecture from side and front views.An operator can position himself in the garment such that the operatoris not supporting the weight of the garment. In this sense, he isliberated from the typical and problematic weight constraint. Whileusing radiation to treat a given patient, the operator can move freelyin the X, Y, and Z spatial planes such that the garment and shield 12are substantially weightless. (Note that U.S. patent application Ser.No. 11/611,627 entitled “System and Method for Implementing a SuspendedPersonal Radiation Protection System” is hereby incorporated byreference herein.)

In accordance with the teachings of the present invention, suspendedpersonal radiation protection system 10 achieves an effective way foroperators to protect themselves properly and comfortably from harmfulradiation. System 10 consists of a framework of rigid components (suchas steel for example) with some components allowing motion in varioustypes of joints. Such design choices permit the support of a pliablecomponent such as fabric containing heavy metals to absorb radiation.The absorption materials are positioned close to the operator and are inthe pathway of scattered radiation. Also provided to the garment is anoptimal face shield 12 that offers an optically transparent (or nearlytransparent) component (such as leaded glass or acrylic). The shield isproximate to the operator's face, neck, and head, but distant enough toreduce potential fogging.

FIGS. 5A-5L illustrate how the garment can be supported by an overheadstructure such as the ceiling, a floor-supported frame, a telescopicarm, or a table supported frame. Specifically, FIGS. 5A-5B illustrate anoverhead support structure 32, while FIGS. 5C-5D depict trolleys 34 and36 that can slide on a given set of rails. FIG. 5E illustrates a support37 that offers a trolley that may slide along rails affixed to theceiling. The trolley contains an articulating arm that may extend beyondthe confines of the ceiling mounted structures. FIG. 5F illustrates ajib crane 38 where the trolley slides on an arm, which rotates on thefloor mounted pivot stand. This allows positioning under a wide arc.

FIG. 5G illustrates a support 39 that offers an articulating bridgecrane. The bridge moves along stationary rails in the ceiling and thetrolley moves along the bridge. In addition, the articulating armpermits extension outside of the ceiling mounted rails. FIG. 5Hillustrates a support 40 that offers a jib crane. The trolley slides ona swinging arm in this embodiment, which is wall mounted. Such anarrangement can readily be ceiling mounted and it too allows positioningunder a wide arc. FIG. 5I illustrates a support 41 that is a reactionarm. This could be power-assisted and absorb shock and torsion forces,if necessary. FIG. 5J illustrates a support 43 that offers a hanger andswivel pivot for adjustment of the center of gravity. In thisembodiment, there is a screw provided to tighten the rod. Note that thewire rope is slidable and lockable. This telescopic configuration allowsplacement of the suspension point of the wire cable in any positionunder a large arc. This further allows balance of the whole device inany way desired.

For purposes of clarification, a few terms are outlined here to assistthe readers in understanding some of the following descriptions.Suspension means or ‘suspension component’ can include a crane, ceilingmounted mechanisms, wire ropes, spring balancers, wire ropes, etc. Thisall leads to a wire rope that connects to a hanger. The hanger hangsfrom the suspension component by the wire rope of the spring balancer,in those embodiments employing a spring balancer, and is integrated intothe device frame that sits on the shoulders and chest and that holds upthe shield and apron, contains the belt, etc. In some of the tenderedFIGURES, the hanger arcs from a position over the top of the head, downto the rest of the frame.

The device frame is the skeleton that contours around the shoulders andchest and torso and contains the belt mechanism. The frame supports theapron and shield and is integrated rigidly or with an articulation withthe hanger. In an alternative embodiment, the hanger is not a rigid rod,but instead two wire ropes that connect to the frame and support it.These two wire ropes are suspended from a horizontal bar, which may havean adjustor on it that is attached to the suspension component (wirerope).

The term ‘balancer’ refers to [typically] a spring balancer. This is thezero-gravity support device that is integral to the suspension componentand is what gives freedom of motion in the Z axis [while supporting theweight of the hanger/frame/rest of the device].

The hanger adjustor is one of many types of devices that permitbalancing of the device in a different way than the “balancer.” Thedevice hangs from the wire rope like a mobile, so moving the point ofattachment around in a plane horizontal to the floor within a small areaover the operator's head will change how the device is oriented in space[i.e., how it tilts right to left or front to back].

The “hanger” is the portion of the frame of the device that arcs up overthe operator's head, and holds up the apron and shield. In one exampleoutlined in FIG. 5J, the object is on the top of the hanger, right overthe head. The cable that comes down from the balancer attaches to it.

FIGS. 5A-I represent suspension components (for example “cranes” for thedevice) and related apparatus. These architectures shown (i.e., FIGS.5E-5I) are alternatives to simple “bridge crane” scenarios, representingeither non-bridge crane configurations with or without articulatingarms, or in one case (FIG. 5G), a bridge crane with addition of anarticulating arm. Another embodiment uses a bridge crane with atelescoping bridge that may reach further outside of the confines of therails to allow more freedom of motion. Another example includes aframework similar to these cranes that is mounted on a floor-mountedframework instead of the ceiling or walls.

A spring balancer may hang from the trolley on the bridge. Attached tothe end of the wire rope of the spring balancer may be the “hanger”portion of the device. The hanger may be a rigid structure that arcsover the operator's head, down to the frame that is approximated nearhis shoulders and torso and supports the face shield and body apron. Atthe top of this hanger, the attachment to the wire rope from the springbalancer may occasionally require adjustment in the X-Y plane in orderto keep the device properly oriented in space, without tilting left toright or front to back. This adjustment may be made using severalpossible devices.

Turning now to FIGS. 5J-5L specifically, the device in FIG. 5J shows anattachment that allows pivoting of the horizontal bar of the hanger withslidable motion of the collar that attaches to the wire rope of thesuspension system. This allows positioning of the suspension pointwithin an arc above the hanging device, allowing positioning of thedevice in its neutral hanging position.

FIG. 5K shows a system 49 with components slidable in orthogonaldirections (X and Y axes) allowing positioning of the point ofattachment of the wire rope of the spring balancer or other suspensionsystem in any position within a defined rectangular plane, resulting inthe ability to tilt the suspended hanger and frame/apron/shield asneeded for fit and comfort. In actual use, the square and round rodscould be oriented in a plane parallel to the floor.

[Note that, as explained herein, the orientation of FIGS. 5K and 5L areillustrated slightly different than some of the included descriptions,in that the round rods are oriented vertically. Typically, these rodswould be oriented horizontally, although the components are adequate. Aperson could just rotate them 90-degrees to put them in the sameorientation as all the other FIGURES. This is just another exampleimplementation of the possible alternatives encompassed within thepresent invention.]

FIG. 5L shows a similar system 51 with the addition of ball screw orsimilar threaded rod and nut arrangement that permits easy and precisemovement of the components for easy positioning of the device in itsneutral hanging position. In this configuration, the round rod may berotated, causing the nut with the suspension cable attachment to movelinearly as desired. Many other adjustor mechanisms are possibleincluding a flat rectangular casing containing two ball screws orientedorthogonally to each other. One of them moves the other one slidablealong the casing such that it can be positioned in many paths, allparallel to each other [i.e., both ends of it are moved equally up anddown]. On this second ball screw is a threaded nut that moves along thescrew as it is rotated. The suspension cable is attached to this nut. Byrotating the two ball screws, the cable suspension point (on the nut)is, therefore, moved to any point in the X-Y plane inside the casing. Inanother mechanism, the second ball screw is substituted with anon-threaded rod which has a slidable collar with the cable attachmentpoint. This collar can be slide manually, and a set screw locks it inplace.

In another embodiment, there is a box-like casing with a cut-out in theplate that covers the top. This cut-out can be a grid pattern of manyparallel rectangles that are connected in the middle by an orthogonallyoriented cutout. A disc is slidable under the cutout, and is too largeto be pulled through the cutout. Attached to the disc is the suspensioncable, which passes through the cut-out. There is a locking mechanism,such as a cam-lock, which will lock the disc in place to preventsliding. Adjustment is made by unlocking the lock, and sliding the discto a location desired, then re-locking it. Alternatively, the cut-outpattern could be a spiral shape, and the disc could be slid anywherealong it.

Instead of a rigid arced rod, the hanger may consist of two cables thatare suspended from a square or hexagonal or other non-round horizontalbar that hangs from the spring balancer wire rope. These two cablesattach to the frame approximating the torso and shoulders and holdingthe shield and apron. Positioning of this device could be accomplishedby attachment of the suspension wire rope to a horizontal rod (top crossbar) via a collar that can slide along the rod. This rod is orientedorthogonally to the square or other non-round shaped rod that is alsohorizontal, and gives rise to the two cables that suspend the frame ofthe device approximating the shoulders and torso and attached to theshield and apron.

The two cables attach to the frame in an adjustable manner, allowingfront to back sliding and locking of the attachment points to the frame.Thus, between this adjustment, and the adjustment available in thehanger as described above, adjustment in the X-Y plane is possible. Inthis embodiment, stiff sleeves or tubes may be placed around the twolower cables in order to provide columnar support of the top cross bar,to prevent it from falling on the operators head in the event ofsuspension failure. Instead, it would fall forward or backward, awayfrom the head, with diminished risk of injury. The bar could be expectedto weigh less than one pound, and could be covered in a soft foamwrapping.

All of these implementation examples of the FIG. 5-set offer differentmechanisms for attaching the device. In some cases, the device ishanging on the rigid hanger system in a manner that permits balancing ofit: much like one would balance an artistic “mobile.” By moving theattachment point of the cable to the rigid hanger, one can change/alterthe balance somewhat. This balance adjustment may be helpful becausechanges to the lead apron or shield may throw the device slightlyoff-balance and cause it to tilt if the attachment point of the cable isnot able to move from its “factory setting” of optimal balance. Thereare countless balance adjustments that could be used in conjunction withthe present invention, which contemplates any such possiblemodifications or additions in offering an optimally balancedconfiguration.

An alternate form of suspension employs two cables that run on eitherside of the operator's head and that attach at approximately shoulderlevel to the rigid framework. Again, this is yet another example of apossible configuration that may alleviate particular concerns or thatmay overcome certain obstacles presented by specificcircumstances/environments.

Generally, the aforementioned suspension components are used to allowmotion in various directions while the garment's weight is supported ina “zero gravity” manner. These mechanisms can include a spring balancer(tool balancer), hydraulic balancer, counter balance system withweights, or constant force spring. Movement in the X and Y directions(in a plane parallel to the floor) is easily facilitated. The supporteddevice that shields the operator may be configured to allow rapid exitand re-entry of the operator so that the operator may attend to otherduties outside of the workspace area of the support system.

Another embodiment outlined above includes a rigid frame attached to thesupport cable. The part attached to the cable may be capable of complexmotion relative to the lower part of the frame [at the level of theoperator's head] to allow balancing of the device by placing the cablesupport location in many possible locations over the head. This may beaccomplished in one form by an arm that can rotate around the verticalframe while remaining at a 90-degree angle, or other fixed angle,relative to the other portion of the frame to which it can move. Thiscan be locked or secured in a fixed position when the desired locationis found. The attachment site of the cable can slide along this arm.This allows for fixation at any point [within a large plane over theoperator] to account for the desired balance and angulations oforientation of the device.

In regards to the actual device, the garment may containradiation-absorbing materials, such as lead or other metals. The garmentcan be thicker and heavier than traditional radiation protectiongarments because the operator does not support the weight of thegarment. Additionally, the garment can cover more of operator's bodysuch as the operator's arms and legs, or less depending on particularneeds. The garment can substantially contour to the operator's body orbe loose based on specific parameters.

Thus, materials and/or components may be included in the garment inorder to achieve the teachings of the protective, free moving, andweightlessness features of the present invention. However, due to itsflexibility, the garment may alternatively be equipped with (or include)any suitable component or material, or any other suitable element orobject that is operable to facilitate the operations thereof.Considerable flexibility is provided by the structure of the garment inthe context of providing an adequate suspended personal radiationprotection system.

Face shield 12 may contain radiation-absorbing materials such that itattenuates X-rays, but is transparent to visible light. Face shield 12can be made heavier and it can curve or bend around the operator's faceto cover more of the operator's face, as compared to traditionalradiation protection face shields. Face shield 12 protects the operatorfrom radiation approaching from the sides of operator's face and itsdesign can be biased to one side of the face.

A fastening element of the garment can be positioned in the front, side,or rear of the garment. A belt design is described herein, butalternatively the garment can be opened and closed by Velcro, buckles,or any suitable fastening means for attaching pieces of a heavy materialtogether. An assistant can fasten the Velcro or buckles such that theoperator can quickly and effortlessly receive radiation protection fromthe garment that is substantially contoured to operator's body. Theoperator can wear a sterile gown and sterile gloves in the normalmanner.

The belt configuration on the garment (as described in greater detailbelow) can include Velcro, buckles, or other fastening means such thatthe configuration helps secure the garment to the operator's body. Thebelt can be fastened on the front, side, or rear of the garment. Thebelt also helps the garment substantially contour to an operator's bodysuch that operator's body is properly protected.

Velcro buckles or fastening means for adjusting the garment allow anoperator to adjust the length of the garment. For example, a shorterperson can fold up the excess garment material and fasten the garmentsuch that the bottom part of the garment is double-layered. Similarly, atall person can unfasten the double-layered area of the garment toreceive more radiation protection on his legs such that the garmenthangs to the operator's feet.

Sleeve 18 can be provided on the left or right arm [or neither arm] andsleeve 18 may contain radiation-absorbing materials such as lead orother metals. Sleeve 18 allows more protection coverage of theoperator's body because the operator does not support the weight of thesuspended sleeve. Sleeve 18 can also provide additional coverage for theside of the body that is most exposed to the radiation. Sleeve 18 mayinclude a shoulder plate or harness underlying/reinforcing the sleeveconfiguration.

FIGS. 6A-6C illustrate some of the functions of an example belt 30 thatincludes a quick release 20, a number of flexibility points 42 and 44,and a spring 46, as further detailed by FIG. 6B. The springs are used tokeep the hinges in an open position in one example embodiment. FIG. 6Chighlights a belt hinge joint mechanism allowing locking or unlocking ofmany joints simultaneously. A set of cables 45 attach to a tensioner anda quick release mechanism. Tiny rounded ridges 47 are at each joint,whereby a view of the ridges in the joint surface is depicted. In thisembodiment, there are many joints with small male ridges andcorresponding female depressions on an opposite joint face. These jointsmay move freely when no tension is on the cable running their length.Upon tensioning the cable, the joints come into forceful contact and thelocking ridges prevent hinge motion, and the joints are thereby“locked.” When tension is released, the hinges become loose again.

The present invention may be used in conjunction with a correspondingarray of hinge joints that provide longitudinal support but no lockingmechanism. The underlying “belt” of non-locking joints will support thislocking “belt,” providing a means of locking and unlocking the joinedsystem of two belts. These two systems may be closely related such thatthe supporting array contains the ridged-hinge array. Other alternativescould include a single flexible point that allows the belt to open as aset of pinchers. Other variations are certainly within the broad scopeof the present invention.

In operation of another example implementation, the lower end of theupper frame component may form an arc around the front of the operator(preferably at, or slightly under, the level of the chin) and pass fromone shoulder to the other. This will be in a position to allow a fullrange of motion of the head. This frame portion can serve as a supportsystem for the lower frame components and everything else below thislevel, as well as the optically transparent face and head shield, whichmay rest on this arc or be fixed to it. The face shield may form an arcresembling the frame arc and sweep around the operator's face, possiblywith a predominance to the left since that is the side most oftenexposed to radiation in most settings. Shielding would also be frontal,and the right side (in one example) may be incompletely shielded,although this configuration could easily be altered. Shielding materialmay also be draped over the shoulder, or supported over the shoulder ina manner like an umbrella in a flexible or rigid manner. Shielding mayalso be draped over the front of sides of the operator from this topframe component.

The lower portion of the frame may be fixed to the upper portion bythree or more attachment pieces (such as rods). This may be rigid,adjustable, or have some flexibility or motion in some directions toallow for different body shapes. The joints may allow expansion ormotion within a defined range (possibly only in certain directions)while maintaining rigid support of the desired structures such as thelower frame and radio-protective fabric or shielding material.

As depicted in FIG. 4, a sterile covering 15 of fabric, paper, orplastic may be shaped to cover the device portions, which will belocated at (or below) the chest level of the operator. This can beapplied to the device prior to or after engagement of the operator withthe device. A possible design of the sterile cover 15 is similar to alarge plastic bag, which is passed from the bottom of the shield to theshoulder level by an assistant who does not need to touch the sterileportions, or who wears sterile gloves when applying the bag. This bagwill completely contain the device components and allow operation of thebelt by allowing the operator to grab the necessary componentsunderneath the sterile layer, much as is common practice currently withsterile ultrasound covers and table-side control panel covers in thecatheterization suites.

The sterile cover 15 may be contained within an outer bag that issterile on the inside (contact with sterile cover) but not necessarilysterile on its outside. This permits it to touch the floor or nearbynon-sterile areas as the cover is pulled up over the shield. The outercover is then stripped off. In another embodiment, the sterile cover 15is applied by wrapping it around the shield in a horizontal manner [muchas one might wrap a towel around their body after swimming] and thensecuring it with tape, a clamp, or other means.

The sterile cover 15 serves to maintain sterility of the operator. Theoperator is sterily gowned upon entry into the device. The front of theoperator comes into contact with the rear of the shield, which issterily wrapped in the covering described above. In one operationalexample, the arms of the operator are held out laterally upon entry,thus not touching anything. The upper part of the shoulder (near theneck) may come into contact with non-sterile components, but this is outof the sterile field and this does not disrupt the sterile field. Whenthe operator approaches the operating table while engaged in the device,the shield that is in front of him is sterile in the same manner thatthe operator's front would normally be sterile if not using the device.When the operator exits the device, she steps backward and portions ofher body that are considered sterile do not brush against non-sterileportions so the operator remains sterile much as she would beconventionally without the device. Upon re-entry, the rear of the deviceand the front of the operator have both remained sterile so re-entrydoes not result in a loss of sterility relative to the initial entry.

The lower portion of the device may contain a structure for supportingthe shielding material below the level of the operator's neck. It may beintegrated with (or separate from) another frame structure whichpartially or completely surrounds the operator in a manner similar to abelt [in order to cause the device to remain in close proximity to theoperator while he/she moves or walks]. The shielding material may besuspended from the arc-shaped component, which resists downward bendingor sagging, thus supporting the shielding material. It may be capable ofmotion in a plane parallel to the floor to allow wrapping of itself, aswell as the shielding material around the operator (either fully orpartially). Either integrated with the frame, or separate from theframe, is a belt, which functions similarly to a large clamp that maypartially (or completely) surround the operator and which may beoperable by the operator without supplemental assistance. Hinges orother flexible components allow the belt to wrap around the operator andto be secured in position by tightening of the hinges and/or closing ofthe joints with a cable mechanism.

This can include a ratchet or non-ratcheted handle system that pulls thecable with a mechanical advantage so as to close the arms of the beltand secure it around the operator. [Note that many of these possibleconfigurations are outlined in subsequent FIGURES, but a briefdescription is provided here.] Instead of a cable, a simple hydraulicsystem may be used for the system. This allows close proximity of thedevice to the operator for good function upon operator motion. Anothermechanism would utilize a partially flexible piece, which when pushedoutward or expanded, applies pressure to the belt (thus tightening itaround the operator). Another embodiment could utilize a magneticattachment in the back to allow the rear components to lock together,thus permitting closure of a full circuit around the operator, whichcould then be tightened by any other manner (possibly as could occurwith a conventional belt). Upon sterile exit, the operator couldactivate a mechanical linkage to the locked magnetic components in therear using his sterile hands in the front in such a manner so as tounlink the rear components and allow a sterile exit from the device.

In another example, the operator could wear a simple fabric or plasticbelt around his chest or waist, with a conventional buckle or hook andloop closure mechanism, which contains a magnet within it. The operatorcould apply the belt prior to donning the sterile gown or going near thedevice. It would wrap around her non-sterile shirt. After applying thesterile gown and entering the device, a second magnet in the devicewould come in close proximity, separated only by the sterile gown andsterile wrappings, with the magnet affixed to the operator. This wouldresult in a magnetic attachment of the device to the operator, such thatthe device will move with the operator.

This could eliminate the need for an articulated or hinged clamp-likebelt that wraps around the operator to keep the device in proximity tothe operator. There could be several magnets in the belt and the deviceto provide a good bond. Or there could be magnets in the device andferromagnetic material such as steel in the belt, or vice versa.Disengagement could involve a sliding or peeling motion of the operatorrelative to the device, such as with stooping. Or the operator couldgrip the frame in the front to help pull it away from the body and othermagnet on the operator, until the distance between them is enough toresult in sufficient weakening of the attraction so as to result insimple separation.

This distance should not be great since the force is inverselyproportional to the square of the distance between the magnets, and thedistance between them is minute when they are engaged, so powerfulmagnets need not be used. Alternatively, electromagnets may be employedin the device, and the belt need only contain ferromagnetic materialsuch as steel. These magnets could be turned on and off as needed toengage/disengage the device.

Another embodiment could utilize slidable components that can be slidbackwards to complete a fuller arc around the operator to provide anadequate grip for good function. These would slide rearward on a framethat is otherwise incomplete, which would allow entry of the operatorinto the system before the slidable components wrapped around theirback. In another embodiment, a flexible belt would be suspended in amanner that allowed the operator to enter the device from the rearwithout becoming contaminated by the belt (either because it wassterile, or because it was suspended over the head for entry, and thendropped down to the chest or abdominal level for securing in the front).Upon sterile exit, the operator would activate a component, which raisedthe belt high enough for the operator to exit without contamination ofthe sterile field. Since the belt had been wrapped around the operator,the rear component would be considered non-sterile. Upon re-entry, theoperator would enter below the suspended belt and then activate themechanism, which lowered the belt into proper position for tightening.During this process, an operator could pass his/her arms over thesterile component of the belt at the sides towards the front. In anotherembodiment, the belt may be passed through a sterile covering such as asleeve, which permits sliding of the belt around the operator such thatthe belt remains sterile along its entire length, even though the outerportion of the sleeve is not considered sterile in the rear of theoperator.

The frame may permit greater freedom of motion than otherconfigurations, which are shoulder-supported or shoulder-based withregard to main attachment sites of load below the level of the head.Most aprons cross over the shoulders to be supported, which preventsrapid entry and exit while maintaining sterility. If the apron issupported by an overhead support system that has the material drapedover the shoulder, there can be some limitation of arm motion, as wellas difficulties with rapid exit and re-entry while remaining in propersterile form, as is considered standard for operative procedures. Thisnew design overcomes those issues, as it permits rapid entry and exitwhile remaining properly sterile.

FIGS. 7A-7D illustrate quick releases without swivels, as depicted byitems 50, 52, and 54. This mechanism can be incorporated into thevertical component of the rigid hanger, which supports the device frameand other components, and is supported by the wire rope or othersuspension apparatus that attaches to the top of the arced portion ofthe hanger. This may be used in particular in combination with a hangerconfiguration that includes two rigid vertical rod-like components, onboth sides of the head, instead of just two uni-lateral component. FIGS.7E-7I illustrate a number of clutch plate joints and assemblies whichmay be incorporated into the belt mechanism to facilitate opening andclosing including desirable functions of ease of operation, economy ofhand motion and maintenance of sterility of hands, and locking functionof the belt in the closed configuration so as to keep the frame inproximity to the body during operations. FIG. 7E shows a clutch platejoint 53 that includes a hydraulic extender, a clutch plate, anextension spring, and a pivot pin. In this example, ridges are providedon the plate surfaces. The end-on view of a clutch plate 55 similarlyshows a hydraulic extender and an extension spring. A clutch plate 57 isalso provided and it offers an angled and a straight configuration,where there are ridges and depressions present. The clutch platemechanism consists of a joint allowing rotation around a pivot pin. Thejoint surfaces have rounded male ridges in a radial pattern withcorresponding female depressions on the opposite joint surface. When thetwo clutch plate surfaces are pressed together, the ridges anddepressions, in addition to normal friction, result in locking of thetwo surfaces, thus, locking the joint in its configuration or angle.This is accomplished by the hydraulic extender positioned over one ofthe surfaces, pushing against it and the outer casing. The casing isfixed, so the clutch plate is pushed against the opposing clutch plate,causing them to lock. When quick release of the lock is desired, thehydraulic pressure is released and the clutch plates may move again,allowing rotation and angulations of the joint.

This is facilitated by extension springs on the opposite side, whichpush against the casing, pushing the plates apart and allowing freerotation and angulations of the joints. The casing contains the clutchjoints, provides longitudinal rigidity to the entire apparatus, and hasjoints sharing the same pivot pins with the clutch joints (permittingfree angulation with the clutch plate joints).

FIG. 7F illustrates a pin lock mechanism 59 for the belt of the garment.FIG. 7G illustrates a ratchet mechanism 61 for the belt of the garment.FIG. 7H illustrates a friction cam mechanism 63 for the belt hingelocking and quick-releasing component. FIG. 7I illustrates a ratchetmechanism 65 to be used with the garment. For purposes of teaching, eachof these FIGURES include some directions or guidance for how eachcomponent functions. Other ratchet mechanisms of different designs, asin common ratchet wrenches, may also be incorporated.

FIGS. 8A-8C illustrate an example design 58 of the garment beingdescribed herein. A fastening or securing element 80 is provided withthe garment and the frame is provided with release 20 and some flexiblebelt members 42 and 44. FIG. 8B illustrates another example design 60and FIG. 8C illustrates yet another example design 62. FIG. 9illustrates an example of a frame 68 to be used in conjunction with thegarment. FIGS. 10A-10E illustrate a number of quick release mechanismexamples with accompanying swivels in some cases. These embodimentsdepict an example configuration 81 that includes a ball component 74with two casings 72 and 78. FIG. 10E depicts a separate side view 76that offers another perspective of casing 72.

To better inform the audience, some discussion of the techniques to beused with some of these components is offered. In operation of a typicalscenario, an operator or assistant may pre-adjust settings on thegarment to make it fit to his/her body shape optimally. This may involvesetting the adjustable rigid hinge in the rear, or the connectionsbetween the upper and lower frame portions. The balance of the devicemay also be adjusted by adjusting the cable attachment position on thetop of the hanger using the hanger adjustor mechanism, which may then belocked into a preferred position.

An operator or assistant may apply a sterile covering to the device.This may cover device components extending from the bottom of the shieldto the level of approximately the mid chest or higher. An operator mayperform a surgical scrub of their hands and arms in the usual manner,and then don the surgical sterile gown. The operator may then holdhis/her arms up partially and step into the device from the rear andapply the front of his/her body to the rear of the device: lowering thearms in a manner that causes the jointed belt component to close aroundthe operator's body.

In some embodiments, especially in those employing a cable mechanism toretract the belt components, the operator may then activate thetensioner component, which provides sufficient tension to enable asecure closure of the jointed belt around the operator. In otherembodiments, such as those employing a ratchet or friction-lockmechanism in the belt, a tensioner is not employed. Tension, or locking,is automatically maintained until the operator chooses to release it forexit. An operator may then perform the normal procedures for treatmentof a patient or an animal, or perform other functions that can result inradiation exposure to operators. When an operator desires to becomedissociated from the device, he/she may activate the release mechanism,releasing tension on the belt and allowing it to open sufficiently forthe purpose of operator exit.

For an exit, the operator lifts their arms partially and stepsbackwards, dissociating from the device. In one embodiment, the operatorwill attach a small hook or other attachment component located on thedevice to a stationary component in the work area, prior to operatordissociation form the device. This may be within the sterile coveringand attached to the sterile area (such as the instrument table or theoperating table), or it may be outside of the sterile portion of thedevice (above the shoulder level), and attached to a non-sterile object.This attachment will prevent unwanted motion of the device along thesupport system, such as crane rails or a trolley, while unattended bythe operator, and this will help insure the sterility of sterilecomponents. In other embodiments, a magnet may be used for this purposeinstead of a hook.

Re-entry is possible in same manner as the initial entry describedabove. It is noteworthy and important that the operator can fullyoperate this device without outside or additional assistance, and whilepreparing for surgery, and without moving his/her hands anywhere outsidethe sterile field (such as towards their back, above their upper chest,or below their waist).

Note, as outlined above, there are many configurations disclosed foropening and closing the belt around the operator, locking it in properposition, providing quick release mechanisms for opening the belt, andallowing operator exit. The main goals of these mechanisms are: rapid,easy closure of the belt around the operator, which is usuallyaccomplished by manually squeezing the belt itself with the operator'sarms (or alternatively by activating a linkage mechanism utilizingcables, hydraulics, or rigid rod) and closing it at its hinges andmobile joints. Similarly, the device offers a rapid, easy opening of thebelt to allow an exit of the operator such that the operator onlytouches components on (or near) the front of the device without losingsterility. Any required motions of the hands toward the rear area wouldresult in a loss of sterility of the hands. The release mechanismsafford simple gross hand and finger movements so that they can beaccomplished through the sterile cover without fumbling.

One important objective in the mechanisms outlined herein is to simplyreduce the number of steps to accomplish the sterile entry/exitoperations identified above. Yet another objective is automation for theopening of the belt such that the operator only activates a quickrelease and the other motions are set in motion. This is most simplyaccomplished by a spring mechanism (wire or gas springs) or a similartensioning mechanism: exerting forces on the belt or connectedapparatus, which results in opening the device. In other embodiments,automation is not incorporated and the belt is opened manually by theoperator who either pulls the belt open with her hands, or activates alinkage mechanism that opens the belt.

There are other mechanisms that do not necessarily satisfy all pointsoutlined above, but are still feasible. They may accomplish allnecessary actions, but not necessarily with the same expedience, economyof operator involvement, or automation. These mechanisms are alsodepicted in the FIGURES and discussed herein because they offer viablealternatives and promote some advantages in terms of simplicity oreconomy of design. In other scenarios, these alternatives are less bulkyand/or provide better durability characteristics for the accompanyingmechanisms.

FIGS. 11A-11C illustrate grip locks shown on the belt of the garment.For an example design 86 of FIG. 11A, all of the above points identifiedabove are satisfied, where there are no cables. Instead, example design86 uses metallic rods attached to the belt via articulating (hinge)joints (in some ways similar to the apparatus that is sometimes presenton bus doors). Opening the belt to exit the garment requires activationof the quick release only and the closing/locking operation requiresmanual closing of the belt only. The grip lock mechanism may be in aseparate “box” as shown, or integrated into the belt frame as depicted.A front view example design 88 is also provided.

In this instance, the belt is pulled by springs (e.g., flexion springs)at the hinge joints. This is allowed by a quick release, which allowsrods to move freely outwards. This allows the hinge to open fully. Toclose the belt, the operator swings the sides of the belt inwards,pulling the rods outwards. The grip plates lock the rods in place:maintaining the belt in a closed position. Different embodiments allowthe spring to attach to the metal rod. This provides more force from thesame spring and results in a greater spring excursion. A gripper cagecan be swivel-mounted to accommodate the change of angle of the metalrod with motion.

The grip lock mechanism may be attached to the front or the back of thebelt at the attachment site beyond the belt hinge joint. This determinesif pulling the rods results in opening or closing of the belt. In thedepicted version, the springs in front of the belt hinge joints providethe force to open the belt automatically upon release of the grip locks.This spring force could be attached in other locations in otherembodiments. For example, it could be attached to the free ends of eachmetal rod, pulling it outward, or in other ways such as a hinge spring,as seen in FIG. 6B.

In the grip lock example 92 of FIG. 11B, the belt is pulled open by thesprings at the hinge joints. This is allowed by a quick releasemechanism, which allows rods to move freely inwards. This allows thehinge to open fully. To close the belt, the operator swings the sides ofthe belt inwards: pulling the rods outwards. The grip plates lock therods in place: maintaining the belt in the closed position. In anotherexample design 96 of FIG. 11C, long metal rods pass through a casing andthrough slots in gripping plates secured to the top of the casing. Theslot in the gripping plates is just large enough to accommodate the rodswhen passing perpendicularly through the slot. In this configuration,the rod can pass freely through the plate and the casing. In the neutralposition, the extension spring between the gripping plates pushes themapart, resulting in an oblique orientation relative to the casing andthe rods. This, combined with the inward tension on the rods due to thesprings in the belt (not shown), results in friction between thegripping plates and the rods, thereby locking the rod in position. Inone example, this is the “locked” configuration and is the configurationduring operation.

As with all the gripping plate mechanisms in the FIG. 11 series, the rodmay freely slide in one direction even when the quick release mechanismis not activated. This occurs because in the neutral position, thegripping plates are pushed into an oblique orientation by the extensionspring. Force applied to the rod in one direction will cause furtherobliquity of the gripping plate, resulting in friction lock, whereasforce in the opposite direction will move the gripping plate slightlyinto a less oblique orientation, resulting in effective enlargement ofthe slot length and permitting movement of the rod through the grippingplate.

This free motion in one direction is used to allow the operator toeasily close the device around himself when desired. Closing the beltmoves the rods in the direction that permits free motion withoutactivation of the quick release mechanism. In some embodiments, thegripping mechanism may be configured to grip in both directions,requiring activation of the release mechanism to permit both opening andclosing of the belt.

When the operator wishes to open the belt to exit the device, thegripping plates are squeezed together by the fingers, resulting in aquick release of the rods. The spring tension in the belt (not shown)will push the rods apart, allowing the belt to open. The advantage ofthis embodiment over the one using cables is that the rods areautomatically positioned in the neutral position (belt open) because therods are pushed. This eliminates the need for the operator to slide therods manually, as in the cable version.

In another embodiment, a rack and pinion arrangement may be incorporatedinto the linkage mechanism instead of friction gripper. The rack linkswith the belt in an articulated manner similar to described embodiments,but is controlled by a pinion which is controlled by the operator. Thepinion may include a ratchet mechanism that allows its rotation in onedirection only, until quick release is activated when freedom of motionin both directions is then allowed. Alternatively, the pinion must bereleased to rotate in either direction.

In another embodiment, a toothed rod is employed instead of the smoothrods depicted in the FIG. 11 series. Instead of a friction gripperplate, there can be a catch mechanism or pawl that sets in between theteeth in the resting or neutral position due to a spring or gravity. Theteeth may be angled to as to allow easy direction of the rod in onedirection, as the pawl slides over teeth like a ratchet mechanism,whereas it locks with motion in the other direction. A quick releasemechanism may allow free motion in either direction. Alternatively, theteeth may be angled such that the device may be locked to motion in bothdirections until released.

As can now be fully appreciated, such a radiation protection garmentoffers obvious advantages to operators who work with radiation. This isdue, at least in part, to the suspended nature of the garment andshield, which together protect the operator from harmful radiation.System 10 allows an operator to have a great degree of freedom of motioncommonly used during medical and research procedures. Furthermore, anoperator can remain sterile while using the garment due to itsintelligent design and quick release abilities.

It is important to note that the stages and steps described aboveillustrate only some of the possible operations that may be executed by,or within, the present system. Some of these stages and/or steps may bedeleted or removed where appropriate, or these stages and/or steps maybe modified, enhanced, or changed considerably without departing fromthe scope of the present invention. In addition, a number of theseoperations have been described as being executed concurrently with, orin parallel to, one or more additional operations. However, the timingof these operations may be altered. The preceding example flows havebeen offered for purposes of teaching and discussion. Substantialflexibility is provided by the tendered system in that any suitablearrangements, chronologies, configurations, and timing mechanisms may beprovided without departing from the broad scope of the presentinvention. Accordingly, any appropriate structure, component, or devicemay be included within suspended personal radiation protection system 10to effectuate the tasks and operations of the elements and activitiesassociated with providing optimal radiation protection.

Although the present invention has been described in detail withreference to particular embodiments, it should be understood thatvarious other changes, substitutions, and alterations may be made heretowithout departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.The illustrated device and operations have only been offered forpurposes of example and teaching. Suitable alternatives andsubstitutions are envisioned and contemplated by the present invention:such alternatives and substitutions being clearly within the broad scopeof the proposed solutions. Using analogous reasoning, suitable devicesthat are conducive to properly supporting the weight of the operator,the garment, and the face shield could readily be used or adopted bysystem 10. In addition, while the foregoing discussion has focused onmedical procedures, any other suitable environment requiring radiationprotection may benefit from the compatibility teachings provided herein.Similarly, the term ‘operator’ should be reasonably construed to notonly include a living organism but inanimate objects (e.g., tools orrobotics) where radiation exposure presents a problem as well.

Although the present invention has been described with severalembodiments, a myriad of changes, variations, alterations,transformations, and modifications may be suggested to one skilled inthe art, and it is intended that the present invention encompass suchchanges, variations, alterations, transformations, and modifications asfall within the scope of the appended claims.

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 21. An apparatus for radiation protection, comprising: agarment that substantially contours to an operator's body, wherein thegarment is operable to protect a portion of the operator's body fromradiation; and, a curved frame for supporting the garment, and whereinthe frame is coupled with a suspension component that reduces a portionof the weight of the garment; and, a semi-rigid belt secured to theframe.
 22. The apparatus of claim 21 further comprising: a releasemechanism for manipulating the belt.
 23. The apparatus of claim 22wherein the release mechanism comprises a quick release that allows theoperator to disengage from the garment using a single hand movement. 24.The apparatus of claim 22 wherein the belt opens to allow the operatorto enter the garment, and wherein the operator, in entering and exitingthe garment, is able to limit contact with components on or near thefront of the garment such that the operator can operate the releasemechanism for the garment without losing sterility.
 25. The apparatus ofclaim 22 wherein the release mechanism includes a spring mechanism thatexerts a force on the belt.
 26. The apparatus of claim 21 wherein theapparatus allows the operator to move freely in X, Y and Z spatialplanes, and wherein the garment is substantially weightless to theoperator.
 27. The apparatus of claim 21 wherein the garment includes asleeve on at least one side of the garment.
 28. The apparatus of claim21 further comprising a face shield.
 29. The apparatus of claim 21wherein the suspension component is mounted to a ceiling.
 30. Theapparatus of claim 21 wherein the suspension component is a selected oneof a group of components the group consisting of: (a) an articulatingarm; (b) a jib crane; (c) a trolley; (d) an articulating bridge crane;(e) a bridge crane; (f) a reaction arm or power assisted mechanism; (g)a spring motor; (h) a telescopic bridge; (i) a monorail suspensionsystem; and, (j) a balancer.
 31. The apparatus of claim 21 furthercomprising a sterile cover.